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Cell Phone
Numbers New Zealand |
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A telephone number is a sequence of
decimal digits that uniquely indicates the network termination
point. The number contains the information necessary to identify
the intended endpoint for the call. Telephone numbers are often
assigned to lines that have other devices hooked to them such as
faxes, modems, subscribers and network services. Each such
endpoint must have a unique number within the public switched
telephone network. Most countries use fixed length numbers (for
normal lines at least) and therefore the number of endpoints
determine the necessary length of the telephone number. It is
also possible for each subscriber to have a set of shorter
numbers for the endpoints most often used. These "shorthand"
numbers are automatically translated to unique telephone numbers
before the call can be connected. Some special services have
their own short numbers (e.g. 9-1-1, 4-1-1, 9-9-9 and 1-1-2).
Many systems also allow calls within a local area to be made
without dialing the local area code.
Most telephone networks nowadays are interconnected in the
international telephone network, where the format of telephone
numbers is standardized by ITU-T in the recommendation E.164,
which specifies that the entire number should be 15 digits or
shorter, and begin with a country prefix. In most countries,
this is followed by an area code or city code and the subscriber
number, which might consist of the code for a particular
telephone switch. ITU-T recommendation E.123 describes how to
represent an international telephone number in writing or print,
starting with a plus sign ("+") and the country code. To
actually call an international number from a fixed line phone
(mobiles generally allow the + to be entered directly) the +
must be replaced with the international call prefix of the
country the call is being made from.
The format and allocation of local phone numbers are controlled
by each nation's respective government, either directly or by
sponsored organizations (such as NANPA overseen by NeuStar Inc.)
See Telephone numbering plan.
Before a telephone call is connected, the telephone number must
be dialed by the calling party or caller. The called party might
have equipment that presents caller ID before the call is
answered. |
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